LNG Bunkering Understanding the Safety and Process for Shipping

LNG bunkering is the method of transferring liquefied natural gas (LNG) to a ship for use as fuel. It is a popular method of fuel ships because it is a less pollutant process compared to the other conventional ways of refuel, such as heavy fuel oil and marine gas oil.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) has executed strict regulations to lower greenhouse gas emissions from ships, which has increased the demand for cleaner fuels such as LNG. The IMO also promotes the adoption of alternative fuels and propulsion systems that lower carbon emissions, which is estimated to boost the market expansion. In addition, according to a research report by Astute Analytica, the Global LNG Bunkering Market is likely to increase at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 46.2% over the projection period from 2023 to 2031.

The process for bunkering from ship to ship

The process starts with the signing of checklists and documents by officers on both ships after all the products have been confirmed and checked to be in proper working condition. The documents note the quantity of fuel that will be transferred and at what transfer rate. Other crucial technical attributes include the stress at the manifold, the start, and the topping rate.

The manual bunker valves are opened once the values have been decided upon. There must be continuous and uninterrupted connections between the vessels for each ship to offer the ready signal to begin pumping fuel.

After the readiness signals, all workers leave the bunker area to activate the cargo pumps. The entire process is rigorously monitored for any equipment failure until the agreed-upon transfer rate is accomplished. In the case of a failure, the transfer is immediately stopped, the equipment is inspected, and the procedure is then restarted.

New criteria are being established in addition to those that already exist to guarantee that the entire process of refueling LNG-powered ships and even removing LNG fuel from ships is safe for both the environment and the crew.

Safety considerations when using LNG bunkering stations:

During operations to bunker ships at sea, only specialized workers are permitted. The associated risks must be thoroughly explained to them, and they must get thorough instructions for both routine operations and situations of emergency.
It is necessary to have emergency shutoff switches.
Transfer methods, such as optimum loading and unloading speeds and communication channels, as well as the quantity and characteristics of the LNG supplied, must be included in pre-bunkering checklists.
Check the tide and weather forecasts.
A constant line of communication between ships is required.
Equipment for containment and a plan to prevent spills must be available.
It is necessary to verify the tanks' temperature and pressure both before and after operations.
When bunkering LNG, rates of flow must be monitored and modified as appropriate.
PPE for LNG bunkering and cryogenic chemicals must be adequate.
Must have access to firefighting supplies.

Pumping must be able to be securely stopped when necessary.